The first environmental factor was a meteorological condition where fine dust becomes suspended in the atmosphere. A number of factors contributed to the disaster, notably environmental factors. The 1980 special operations mission to rescue American hostages in Tehran, Operation Eagle Claw, ended in disaster when a Navy RH-53D helicopter crashed into an Air Force EC-130 transport aircraft at a forward staging and refueling point called Desert One, killing eight and severely injuring four. There are also examples where weather and environmental factors, not properly forecasted or properly integrated into planning, have led to military defeat-and sometimes disaster. Other more recent examples, including rain soaking roadways in Ukraine and subsequently inhibiting Russian logistical efforts, demonstrate how monitoring and predicting weather- and utilizing it for tactical and operational advantage-can fend off or defeat an enemy, even a technologically advanced adversary. Accurate environmental forecasting proved to be the vital component for success in the operation. The Allies pounced during the brief period of correctly predicted calm, a window of opportunity that caught the Germans by surprise and led to the Allies defeating them. Crucially, their careful integration of a wide array of weather monitoring systems allowed them to forecast a lull in inclement weather, a break that German forecasters, utilizing a less sophisticated weather monitoring and processing system than that of the Allies, failed to predict. They took into consideration tides, the phase of the moon for nighttime operations, wind, waves, rain, and even fog, integrating all factors into the plan for the amphibious assault. Planners for the operation left absolutely nothing to chance. In subsequent years, military environmental forecasts have evolved to become much more tightly involved in planning processes.ĭuring the planning for Operation Overlord, the allied invasion of Normandy in World War II, forecasts of environmental factors made prior to operational execution played vital roles in ultimate success on D-Day. The fog was an unpredicted, serendipitous event, one that Washington utilized to his advantage on the spot. Outnumbered and outgunned by the British, fog allowed Washington to move roughly 9,000 of his Continental Army troops across the East River-a move that many historians claim set the stage for victory over the British, as had fog not emerged and had Washington not used it as a cloak, the British would have destroyed his army. This happened famously during the Revolutionary War when George Washington moved much of his army across the East River under cover of fog after the Battle of Brooklyn (also called the Battle of Long Island). Thank you.Historically, weather events have played key roles in outcomes of battles and entire campaigns. You need to press the button in the top left that says ‘switch to offline mode’.Īfter viewing the tiles instantaneously after downloading, please consider editing your review. Hi, after downloading the maps the tiles load instantly. It’s really quite cumbersome (esp if you want to download multiple maps). So thank you for taking the time to respond, but I’d suggest you revisit this downloading process. This should be streamlined, getting rid of all of those modal dialog/alert boxes. In the developer response, he says “after downloading the maps, the tiles load instantly.” But downloading multiple maps is a clumsy affair. This app has plenty of data available, but it’s unwieldy. the three modals per download meant that I had to sit down in front of the iPad for ~20 minutes to download all of the maps) and that didn’t solve it. you should be able to just tap on maps in the list to start the downloads and let them progress concurrently. I tried downloading all of the maps, too (which, as an aside, was a very frustrating exercise. It’s so painful as to render the app unbearable. This slow tile-by-tile rendering of the image repeats every time I zoom or move around on the map. If you have any questions, please email RyanĪs I pan around, it’s taking my iPad Pro a really long time to render a particular screen. Users should consult the Code of Federal Regulations for current federal chart carriage requirements. The ENC charts displayed in this app does NOT meet federal chart carriage regulations for regulated vessels. Timing of their availability is not guaranteed. NOAA updates the ENCs for Notice to Mariners on a weekly basis. + Buoys, Beacons, Lights, Fog Signals, Radar + Chart format options include: NOAA, ECDISĮNC charts display the following information: + All charts are available to download for offline use + NOAA Electronic Navigational Charts (ENC)Įlectronic Navigational Charts (ENC) are vector data sets that support all types of marine navigation.
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